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Dayton Anniversary
On 21 November, the High Representative, Mr. Carl Bildt, held a press
conference in Sarajevo's Holiday Inn at which he recalled the
significance of the initialling of the Peace Agreement signed in Dayton,
Ohio, exactly one year ago. Recalling his statement made on that
occasion, Mr. Bildt said that the remarks made at that time were as
valid today as they were then - "There is no such thing as instant
peace. War can be started in a day but peace takes a long time to
implement". Implementation, not the Agreement itself, was the key to
sustained peace in BH, he said. Emphasising that Bosnia's future
depended on creating all of the joint institutions, Mr. Bildt called
upon the BH Presidency Members to urgently move forward with the
establishment of the Council of Ministers. Details were less important
than the actual establishment, he said. The delays so far were only
hampering further progress in other aspects of full implementation of
the Peace Agreement. He invited the Presidency Members to move towards
the future rather than the past, and to display the statesmanship which
was now required.
Mr. Bildt explained that the Peace Implementation Council meetings
scheduled to take place in Bonn and London in the next few weeks would
focus on working out an action plan based on last week's Paris meeting.
"The aim of the consolidation period is to create a self-sustaining
peace process", he said. In order to achieve this, Mr. Bildt emphasised
that it was imperative to realise the importance of all elements in the peace
package. The return of refugees and DPs, economic reform and social and
economic reconstruction, freedom of movement, cooperation with ICTY, development of independent media, stronger support to the Human Rights institutions and the forthcoming
local elections were all part of that package, he said. If you neglected
one, you were in danger of losing the whole thing.
Dismissing the suggestion that unless NATO provided protection to
returning refugees and DPs there could be no returns and that the Dayton
Agreement would therefore fail, Mr. Bildt said that "solutions to
questions of security can never be achieved long-term by force". Only
political change could provide the conditions necessary for long-term
peace.
Responding to a question concerning the ability of the international
community, and in particular the OHR, to coerce the Parties into
cooperating with each other, Mr. Bildt said that the primary function of
his office was to coordinate international efforts to assist the Parties
with their own efforts. "It is not up to us to run their country, nor
should it be. It is not our peace. It is not our future. They signed the
Agreement and we witnessed it - and this is rather fundamental" he said.
The international community would help, but not forever, he said.
Increasingly, the international community would need to devote their
tax-payers money to the other critical problems facing people in the
world today. This week the crisis was in the Great Lakes region of
Africa. No-one could tell where it would be next.
NATO
On 18 November NATO Ambassadors from the North Atlantic Council met to
discuss the future of the NATO forces in BH following the withdrawal of
the Implementation Force (IFOR) troops, whose mandate ends officially on
20 December. At the meeting, contingency planning for a likely
multi-national follow-on Stabilisation Force was undertaken. If
endorsed, the force would be smaller and would focus on both stabilising
the peace and acting as a deterrent against the possibility of fresh
outbreaks of fighting. It would also be expected to take a more enhanced
role in supporting civilian implementation, particularly with regard to
elections in 1997. In principle the force would consist of about 30,000
troops from over 30 countries and would be commanded by General Crouch.
Discussions on the details of the force structure, strength and mandate
will take place in the coming weeks, with a final decision being made in
Brussels on 10 December.
The High Representative, Carl Bildt, welcomed a statement on 15
November by US President Clinton, announcing that the US would
participate up to 8,500 troops in a follow-up force as "good news for
Bosnia". "It means that all efforts to realise the promise of the Peace
Agreement and achieve political progress and setting up the joint
institutions can take place in an atmosphere of security and
confidence", he said.
Republica Srpska
The RS Army began on 20 November destroying several pieces of military
hardware, as stipulated under Article V of the Agreement on Sub-Regional
Arms Control. A press release issued by the OSCE reported that 13 T-34
tanks, 2 OTM-60 ACV's and 30 MB-82 mortars would be destroyed at the RS
Army Barracks in Banja Luka. Inspection Teams from the Republic of
Croatia, the BH Federation and FRY, as well as two Joint Arms Control
Implementation Group officers are verifying the beginning and end of the
reduction period, which ends on 20 December.
Biljana Plavsic, RS President and Supreme Commander of the RS Forces,
held discussions on 18 and 20 November with General Ratko Mladic and
other top-ranking RS Army delegates who had expressed their loyalty to
General Mladic. The meetings were an attempt to solve the impasse which
has resulted from the recent dismissal of General Mladic by Mrs.
Plavsic, and the subsequent appointment of a new RS HQ Commander,
General Pero Colic. Statements in the RS media suggest that the problem
has been resolved, though independent observers say there are as yet no
definite signs that the deadlock has been broken.
Federation
The US Envoy for Military Stabilisation in the Balkans, Mr. James
Pardew, said on 20 November that the US freighter carrying an arms
shipment worth 100 million US$, for the BH Federation military, would
arrive on 21 November at the Croatian port of Ploce. The shipment, which
initially arrived last month but was postponed due to the failure of the
Federation to meet certain US demands, is part of an arms package of
the US sponsored "Train and Equip" Programme for the Federation Army.
IFOR
Lieutenant-General Sir Michael Walker, Commander ARRC, left the mission
on 20 November. In his farewell interview, in which he summed up his
thoughts on the past 11 months as IFOR Ground Forces Commander in BH,
Lt.Gen Walker noted the improvement of the situation in BH since
December '95. "If you look at what IFOR has done, from the beginning, it
did supervise the separation of the armies, it did cause people to stop
fighting, it did bring the absence of war. It has begun the process of
stitching this country back together again in a way that could not have
happened without IFOR in its current position", he said. Emphasising
that it was important for the people "to recognise that much of what
could be achieved [in BH] has got to be achieved by the leadership in
this country", Walker pointed out the need for the Parties to cooperate
with ICTY for arrest of war criminals, since it was their responsibility
and not a military task. The right of refugees to return to their homes,
he said, was something that was also necessary but he stressed that
there was a need for procedures to be adhered to for this to occur
safely and legitimately.
Right To Return
International organisations report that the Stolac pilot project
resumed on 14 November as a result of an agreement between Croat and
Bosniak officials for the reconstruction of approximately 10
Bosniak-owned houses in the area. Both sides had suspended their
cooperation with the project at the end of October following a series of
incidents in which Bosniak displaced persons were harassed by Croat
reserve police, who also prevented them from moving freely around the
town. Local Bosniak and Croat representatives had also disagreed as to
whether the return of 100 Bosniaks to Stolac would represent the
beginning or the ceiling on minority returns to the area.
UN IPTF monitors witnessed eight explosions in the village of Hajvazi
located in the Zone of Separation (ZOS) in the Sapna area on 18 November
and heard 12 more explosions one hour later. Upon visiting the scene
IFOR personnel discovered that three uninhabited houses had been
destroyed. UN IPTF had received information on 16 November that a large
number of Bosniak displaced persons were planning to cross the IEBL into
Hajvazi in the coming days and were allegedly "threatening" RS police
and villagers in the area. RS police informed UN IPTF that they had
developed a security plan for the area, which included the use of arms
to "prevent a situation like Jusici" from occurring. International
agencies have expressed concern about these statements and are
monitoring the situation.
UN IPTF reported that several explosions occurred in Domanovici
(Capljina municipality) on 17 and 18 November. Explosions have damaged a
number of uninhabited Bosniak-owned houses in the area over the past few
weeks, and buses transporting Bosniak displaced persons to visit their
homes have been stoned by local residents in Domanovici on several
occasions.
Human Rights
Intimidation of minorities continues to be a problem throughout BH
with UN IPTF regularly receiving complaints of threats and abuse. Most
recent reports have come from Ilidza, Doboj, Capljina, Cazin, Brcko,
Livno, Prnjavor, Bihac, Trebinje, Teslic, Pecigrad and Bugojno. The
complaints range from direct physical attacks and destruction of
property to serious verbal threats. UN IPTF is continuing to follow up
on all cases brought to them and monitoring the response of the local
police to these charges.
In an effort to strengthen domestic human rights institutions, the
OSCE is producing a field guide describing the mandates and activities
of the Federation Ombudsmen, the BH Ombudsperson, the Human Rights
Chamber and the Commission for Real Property Claims. A first edition of
the guide will soon be distributed to field offices of international and
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to inform them about mechanisms of
redress for individuals with human rights concerns. The guide forms part
of a broader plan to increase international support of domestic
institutions and local NGOs working in the human rights field.
Humanitarian Affairs
The RS Government has appointed Jovo Rosic as new President of the
Commission for Missing Persons and Exchange of POWs. Former President,
Dragan Bulajic, was replaced following a series of peaceful protests by
members of the Association of Missing and Captured who requested the
appointment of a new Commission president, as well as changes to certain
procedures. In a statement to the press, Mr. Bulajic said that the
former members of the Commission fully supported the decision of the RS
Government and that all information from their work so far would be made
available to the new Commission unconditionally. The statement asked for
support from the international community, and particularly for the High
Representative, Mr. Carl Bildt and his Deputy, Ambassador Michael
Steiner, to help the Commission with its work in solving the problems of
the missing and detained persons. The statement also called upon the
other Parties to assist with the registering of POWs as well as access
to mass graves for purposes of exhumation.
OSCE has been helping a mixed marriages association in Zenica involved
in reconciliation initiatives to participate in an interview program
being produced by the independent television station Studio 99. OSCE's
democratization staff, in collaboration with the World Health
Organization, have also been working with local NGOs in the Bihac area
to plan monthly seminars on overcoming trauma for victims of human
rights abuses.
Economic Assistance
Chairman of the BH Presidency, Alija Izetbegovic, officially opened a
newly restored generator at the hydro-electric power plant in Salakovac
on 16 November. The 12 million DEM World Bank funded reconstruction project was carried out with the assistance of the Austrian companies
Siemens and Andric, as well as contractors form Croatia and Norway. The
second generator is expected to be launched next month, with a third
following the repair of the Mostar hydro-electric plant.
UNHCR in cooperation with World Vision International provided
130,000US$ for the reconstruction of a school and clinic in Sibosnica,
near Celic which were formally reopened on 17 November. The repair of
over 380 houses in the region, 259 of which have already completed, are
also included in the 1,200,000 US$ reconstruction programme.
On 18 November IFOR's Multi-National Division North (MND-North) Joint
Information Bureau provided information in a series of press releases
concerning the status of a number of important reconstruction projects
being undertaken in their area of responsibility. The projects, twenty
nine of which have been completed to date, represent just a few of the
125 Community Infrastructure Rehabilitation Programme (CIRP) projects
currently in progress, which are funded by the United States Agency for
International Development (USAID). CIRP is a series of work programmes
aimed at rebuilding key areas of the local infrastucture, and helping to
provide temporary employment for demobilised military personnel in BH.
It is also intended to demonstrate the return of Displaced persons
throughout the region, and to demonstrate the positive benefits of the
peace process to the civilian community. Recently completed projects
include:
- Restoration of medical centres in Maoca (near Brcko) and Vitinica
(near Zvornik) at a cost of 28,712 US$ and 36,276 US$ respectively
- Zenica road repairs at a cost of 33,000 US$.
- Repair of electrical power lines in Pelagicevo at a cost of 48,000 US$
- Repair to school in Vukosavlje at a cost of 47,106 US$
Looking Ahead
- 22 November:
- Eighth Session of BH Presidency, Sarajevo
- 23-24 November:
- Coalition for Return Meeting, Mostar
- 26-27 November:
- PIC Steering Board Meeting, Bonn
- 04-05 December:
- Full Meeting of the PIC, London
See our Chronology for a full list of activities
The OHR Bulletin is produced by the Public Affairs Department of the Office of the High Representative in Sarajevo and aims to give an overview of what is happening on the ground in the civilian implementation of the Dayton Agreement. Suggestions and contributions are welcome and should be addressed to the Public Affairs Department of the Office of the High Representative in Sarajevo (387-71) 447 275 ext. 562, Fax (387-71) 447 420. Callers from outside BH dial via Brussels switchboard: Tel. (32-2) 737 7500 & Fax (32-2) 737 7501
OHR Bulletin nr. 26, issued 22 November 1996.
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