![]() |
![]() |
Economic Task Force Secretariat
|
Dec-97 | Jan-98 | Feb-98 | Last 12 months | |
Average net wage (DM) | 308 | 300 | N/A | 22.6% |
Retail price growth | 0.1% | 0.5% | 0.7% | 9.5% |
Cost-of-living growth | 0.9% | 0.8% | 1.2% | 8.4% |
Real wage growth | 6.7% | -3.4% | N/A | 14.3% |
Industrial Production growth | 9.5% | -19.7% | 11.2% | 24.6% |
Real effective exchange rate | -7.2% |
(Source: Federation Statistical Institute & OHR Estimates)
Although nominal wages are low, there has been strong real wage growth over the past year. Recovery in the official level of industrial production continues into early 1998. There has been appreciation of the real exchange rate in 1997, by roughly 7% (calculated using data for major trade partners of the Federation, excluding Slovenia and Croatia).
Company: | one owner | shareholding |
1996 | 297 | 297 |
1997 | 272 | 304 |
One owner company | in kinds & rights | in cash |
1996 | 1,525,218 | 1,091,980 |
1997 | 1,297,358 | 411,000 |
Shareholding company | ||
1996 | 7,879,472 | 2,132,588 |
1997 | 18,500,536 | 3,521,790 |
Note: Most of Foreign Investments in Canton 10, Canton 8 and in part of Canton 7, are not included in the above figures.
(Source: Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic Relations)
The three budgets are presented as an insert to this issue together with budgets for 1997. All three budgets have significantly increased. For both the RS and the Federation, substantial increases in tax revenues and external financing are expected. State budgetary expenditures are expected to rise by more than 70%. In 1997, however, Entities provided very few resources for the State budget, and the international community had to finance the gap.
The budgets presented here do not give a completely accurate picture of the fiscal position of BiH. First, there is probably substantial amount of off-budgetary expenditure. Second, the RS government has not gained full control over the disposition of its customs revenues. Third, the accounts of publicly-owned enterprises are not incorporated into these budgets. Finally, differences in the fiscal-federal structures of the Federation and the RS complicate comparison of their budgets. Many revenues and expenditures in the Federation go through the budgets of cantonal authorities, a level of government that is not existent in the RS.
Table 1. | Budget of the Federation of BiH (millions KM/DM) | Table 2. | Budget of the Republika Srpska (millions KM/DM) | ||
1997 | 1998 | 1997 | 1998 | ||
Revenues | 610 | 822 | 209-259 /3 | 365 | |
Customs and Excise Taxes | 565 | 766 | Customs and other import taxes | 63-73 | 92 |
Other sales and excise taxes | 100 | 158 | |||
Income taxes | 28-68 | 87 | |||
Non tax revenue | 45 | 56 | Other tax and non tax revenue | 18 | 28 |
Expenditures | 641 | 917 | 209 /3 | 468 | |
Wages | 70 | 88 | Wages | 25 * | 107 |
Materials and services | 19 | 33 | Materials and services | 31 | 38 |
Military | 245 /1 | 343 /1 | Military | 73 * | 86 |
Reconstruction | 18 | 30 | Reconstruction | 9 | 14 |
Transfers to invalids | 176 | 257 | Transfers to invalids | 15 | 51 |
Social Fund | 6 | 15 | |||
Transfers to State budget | 30 | 95 | Transfers to State budget | 0 | 60 |
Other | 74 | 71 | Other | 50 | 61 |
Financing | 31 | 95 | 0 or -50 | 103 | |
Domestic | 15 /2 | Domestic | 0 or -50 | 0 | |
External grants and concessional loans | 31 | 80 | External grants and concessional loans | 0 | 103 |
Source: Federation Ministry of Finance and draft 1998 budget | Source: Republika Srpska Ministry of Finance and 1998 budget. |
Table 3. | Bosnia and Herzegovina - State budget (in millions of KM/DM) | ||
1997 Budget | 1997 Estimate | 1998 Budget | |
Expenditures | 136 | 110 | 183 |
Administrative | 40 | 35 | 57 |
Debt service | 96 | 75 | 126 |
Revenues | 136 | 50 | 173 |
Fees | 20 | 20 | 20 |
Transfers from Entities | 116 | 30 | 153 |
External financing | 0 | 60 | 10 |
The Letter of Intent for the proposed stand-by arrangement will now be reviewed by IMF management. If approved, the letter can be signed by local authorities, after which the IMF executive board will make a final decision in May.
The program will cover a range of macroeconomic and structural policy commitments, involving both the common BiH institutions and those of the two Entities, in order to achieve the framework for sustained economic growth in BiH.
In addition, the signing of the Letter of Intent could open the possibility for an agreement regarding two World Bank projects: the Public Finance Structural Reform Project, and the Enterprise Privatization and Bank Restructuring Project. If an agreement is reached, these projects will provide both technical assistance and initially over DM 200 million of budgetary support from the World Bank to the Entities.
However, previously established import duties and preferential trade agreements are still in place. The special duties as well as the preferential agreements must be abolished since they are in violation of the unified customs policy for BiH.
A State Law on Privatization has also been drafted. The law is sent to the Council of Ministers, but so far it has failed to discuss the law. The purpose of the law is to create a secure legal environment for the privatization process to be carried out by the Entities.
The working group is chaired by the OHR and consists of representatives from the RS and the Federation, supported by international experts.
The first step is for the Entities to recognize each other in their respective trade legislation. The Entities need to accept the fact that BiH is one economic space and have to act accordingly. Following this recognition, the parties can start to work on harmonization of taxes, which will benefit both parties since it will decrease tax evasion.
Following encouraging results on the railways, the High Representative wishes to see the major sectors reorganized before the end of 1998; electricity, telecommunications, post and (other) transportation. Preliminary meetings have started in electricity and telecommunications.
The Corporation will carry out three types of tasks: the organization of traffic in the country (allocation of train paths), the harmonization and construction of infrastructures and equipment and the representation of railways for international matters. Donors are encouraged to contact the Corporation to prepare and implement their railway projects. The Board of Directors of the Corporation elected its chair on 6 April; the Chairman is Pavo Boban, the Vice-Chairman is Marinko Bilijanovic, the Secretary is Narcis Dzumhur.
Four tasks remain before completion of the reorganization of railways in BiH:
According to the MoU, the parties will initially establish three mail transports per week between Sarajevo and Banja Luka, on a reciprocity basis.
Furthermore the parties recognized the need to examine urgently the options for restructuring the post sector in accordance with Annex 9 of the GFAP.
The resumption of telephone operations was possible after the completion of a DM 9 million EC Phare project to reconstruct the backbone of the RS telecommunications infrastructure.
The conference will have a special focus on the reconstruction needs for return of Refugees and Displaced Persons. The High Representative will also strongly recommend to the donor community to increase their effort in the RS, including the eastern part. As a result of the former political situation in RS, only a small fraction (estimated at 5 to 10%) of the total aid was directed towards the RS. It is the opinion of the High Representative that the standard share of 2/3 for the Federation of BiH and 1/3 for the RS should apply in the long term. This would require an immediate share of 50% in the RS for 1998, to make up for the past.
Sector Type | |
Agriculture | 100,619,310 |
Education | 86,426,286 |
Energy | 288,628,282 |
External Debt Service | 44,595,306 |
Finance & Trade | 30,077,213 |
Government Institution Building | 68,569,995 |
Health | 145,929,288 |
Housing | 292,606,519 |
Industry & Industrial Finance | 302,133,168 |
Landmine Clearing | 37,197,155 |
Multi-Sector | 8,318,343 |
Other | 4,018,082 |
Peace Implementation Activities | 101,433,377 |
Social Support | 134,394,201 |
Telecommunications & Communications | 19,871,624 |
Transport | 227,078,047 |
Water & Waste Water Management | 101,861,053 |
Grand Total | 1,993,757,251 |
For further information concerning this publication please contact:
Paul Hulshoff, IMG - tel.: 666 273
Clement van de Coevering, OHR - tel.: 447 275
Country | Completed | In Imple- mentation | Not Specified | Total Contracts |
(NOT SPECIFIED) | 12,620,781 | 0 | 771,000 | 13,391,781 |
Australia | 75,000 | 0 | 75,000 | |
Austria | 31,968,222 | 22,244,323 | 2,113,223 | 56,325,768 |
Belgium | 407,508 | 4,366,162 | 0 | 4,773,671 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 11,210,500 | 2,289,000 | 13,499,500 | |
Canada | 117,000 | 0 | 117,000 | |
Council of Europe Social Development Fund | 66,460 | 0 | 66,460 | |
Czech Republic | 1,148,871 | 1,374,000 | 2,522,871 | |
Denmark | 314,364 | 314,364 | 628,727 | |
Dutch Trust Fund | 50,188,204 | 12,448,395 | 48,710 | 62,685,309 |
EBRD | 18,409,709 | 18,409,709 | ||
European Commission | 118,343,223 | 77,867,961 | 43,360,346 | 239,571,529 |
Finland | 1,476,926 | 4,241,779 | 220,912 | 5,939,617 |
France | 3,842,223 | 3,842,223 | ||
Germany | 11,262,908 | 8,523,000 | 23,483,350 | 43,269,258 |
Greece | 3,492,930 | 8,732,325 | 12,225,255 | |
Iceland | 0 | 1,222,525 | 0 | 1,222,525 |
IFAD | 9,553,789 | 0 | 9,553,789 | |
IFC | 0 | 8,800,000 | 0 | 8,800,000 |
International NGO | 340,000 | 0 | 340,000 | |
Islamic Development Bank (IDB) | 4,133,848 | 13,686,772 | 0 | 17,820,620 |
Italy | 20,380,225 | 10,215,768 | 5,073,604 | 35,669,598 |
Japan | 5,944,574 | 37,387,723 | 660,631 | 43,992,927 |
Jordan | 202,912 | 0 | 202,912 | |
Malaysia | 292,642 | 17,288,463 | 11,726,096 | 29,307,201 |
Muli Country Trust Fund | 68,630,267 | 38,784,779 | 2,071,089 | 109,486,135 |
NATO | 25,697,430 | 10,585,522 | 36,282,952 | |
Netherlands | 6,561,846 | 11,922,722 | 5,613,488 | 24,098,055 |
Norway | 25,585,585 | 3,672,888 | 873,232 | 30,131,706 |
Qatar | 3,040,762 | 0 | 3,040,762 | |
Saudi-Arabia | 30,740,773 | 20,519,669 | 5,063,557 | 56,323,999 |
Slovenia | 3,103,332 | 0 | 3,103,332 | |
Soros Foundation | 804,537 | 1,435,516 | 2,240,053 | |
Sweden | 9,261,726 | 150,000 | 1,309,849 | 10,721,575 |
Switzerland | 1,861,240 | 516,746 | 1,441,555 | 3,819,541 |
Taiwan | 142,000 | 0 | 0 | 142,000 |
Tunis | 384,222 | 0 | 0 | 384,222 |
Turkey | 3,169,359 | 0 | 3,169,359 | |
UN Trust Fund | 50,000 | 0 | 50,000 | |
UNDP | 657,899 | 4,289,768 | 1,520,734 | 6,468,401 |
UNHCR | 25,211,588 | 16,183,037 | 102,194,399 | 143,589,025 |
UNICEF | 2,387,660 | 0 | 2,387,660 | |
United Kingdom | 32,459,545 | 1,635,263 | 42,631,109 | 76,725,917 |
United States | 119,903,816 | 117,362,612 | 137,135,006 | 374,401,434 |
World Bank | 211,916,455 | 262,426,701 | 8,289,716 | 482,632,872 |
World Vision International | 305,000 | 0 | 305,000 | |
Grand Total | 837,273,768 | 713,899,218 | 442,584,265 | 1,993,757,251 |
Source of information: RCM Database
*1: Figures include all contracts since June 1996.
*2: Figures include all contracts both completed and in implementation.
In the RCM Database, "Contract" is defined as a signed agreement between the Donor or intermediate Agency and the final executor of the works.
Column "Completed" specifies funds for works completed only.
Column "In Implementation" specifies funds for works underway only.
Column "Not Specified" specifies funds for which no milestones have been provided, therefore the status could not be determined.
Note: This report is based on information provided by Implementing Agencies and other participants willing to contribute to the RCM Database. Therefore, the ETF Secretariat nor the RCM Database can take any responsibility for incorrect or incomplete information potentially contained within this report. Original values are converted to DM based on average exchange rates for 1997.
|