12 OCTOBER 2002-31 AUGUST 2003
Pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1031 of 15 December 1995, which
requested the Secretary General to submit to the Council reports from the High
Representative in accordance with Annex 10 of the Peace Agreement and the
Conclusions of the London Peace Implementation Conference of 8-9 December 1995,
I herewith present the twenty-fourth Report.
SUMMARY
- Since taking over as High Representative on 27 May
2002. I have made clear that my aim, during my term of office, is to set
Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) irreversibly on the road to statehood within the
European Union (EU). My priorities remain the rule of law and economic reform
– justice and jobs. My aim is also to continue to improve the
functioning and effectiveness of BiH’s key governing institutions, and ensure
that they can depend on more reliable funding arrangements
- In the period since my last report, we have made
measurable progress. We have set up the Anti-Crime and Corruption Unit
(formerly called the Serious Crimes Unit) within my Office, to deal with crime
and corruption and have begun the process of restructuring the BiH court
system at all levels. The new Legal Reform Unit, High Judicial and
Prosecutorial Councils, and Special Chamber in the State Court and a Special
Department in the BiH Prosecutor’s Office are now functioning.
- On 7 March, we launched a major attack on the networks
which provide funding and support for key ICTY indictees, including Radovan
Karadzic. OHR has also been tasked by the Peace Implementation Council with
establishing a system for domestic prosecution of war crimes.
- The EU Police Mission was launched on 1 January 2003
and is now fully - and successfully - operational.
- I launched the expert reform Commissions – comprised
of local representatives but chaired in each case by a respected international
expert – covering Indirect Tax Policy, Defence and Intelligence. A wholly
locally staffed Commission was also set up to explore possible ways to achieve
the unification of Mostar. This made important progress, but fell short
of success. A second attempt under international community chairmanship
is now underway.
- The state-level Civil Service Agency which was created
last May by imposition of the Law on Civil Service is now fully operational
and an important factor in introducing, though not without some resistance,
modern standards in public administration. We are now working to ensure that
the Federation Civil Service Agency is fully funded and fully operational.
- After a long process of government formation,
coalition governments were formed at State, Entity, and Cantonal levels.
- While full restoration of BiH's pre-war multi-ethnic
tapestry remains a distant prospect, the implementation of property
legislation, the increasing visibility and self-confidence of return
communities and, most importantly, the numbers of people returning, are
encouraging and mean that we are on track for the draw down of the RRTF at the
end of 2003. It will be extremely important, however, to maintain
adequate local and international funding for refugee return, and international
monitoring of the process, for some time after the draw down of the RRTF.
- The media development mandate was largely completed
and the Department was closed down, though there is further important and
potentially contentious work to do to establish an independent functional and
economically-viable Public Broadcasting System.
- A Mission Implementation Plan for the OHR has been drawn up and was
endorsed by the Peace Implementation Council at the beginning of the year, and
now forms the basis for the OHR’s work in BiH.
REPORT
I- Introduction
1. This is my second report to the UN Secretary
General since taking over as High Representative on 27 May 2002. In this
report, I will assess the progress made toward the goals outlined in my last
report, and review developments during the reporting period.
II - The rule of law
2. When I arrived in Sarajevo, I outlined my
priorities as first justice, then jobs, through reform. Building on the work of
my predecessor, we have made further progress in recent months. In the rule of
law field, the key steps have been the following:
- On 18 October, 2002, I issued a Decision ensuring that
the building and land which had been identified as the site for the Court of
Bosnia and Herzegovina would be dedicated, in perpetuity, for such
purposes. My objective is to have that state level court address the
most serious cases of financial crime, organized crime and political
corruption.
- On 1 November, 2002, I imposed a complete
restructuring of the court system within Bosnia and Herzegovina, closing and
consolidating courts throughout both entities in order to achieve a more
efficient and more accountable judicial system. The number of first-instance
courts was reduced from 78 to 47, subject matter jurisdiction was harmonized
and commercial departments are to be created in 15 first-instance courts. They
also provided the necessary framework to enable the High Judicial and
Prosecutorial Councils (HJPCs) to announce judicial positions in the first-
and second-instance courts in the Entities.
- The practical implementation of the streamlined court
system has started. Meetings with the 12 Ministers of Justice have been held
and visits to the courts affected were conducted to assess budget, space,
renovation and equipment needs.
- On 1 November, 2002, I imposed amendments to the laws
establishing Judicial Training Centers in order to make it possible for these
centers to become operational and begin to provide needed training to judges
and prosecutors throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina. In December 2002 the HJPCs
adopted two training programmes on Criminal Procedure for judges and
prosecutors.
- Thirteen disciplinary panels were established within
the HJPCs to hear complaints against incumbent judges and prosecutors.
During this period, 166 complaints were received by the HJPC’s and forwarded
to the disciplinary prosecutor. Twenty-three judges submitted their
resignations, ten of whom had been previously suspended by the High
Representative.
- The High Judicial and Prosecutorial Council has
reviewed over 300 applications for the first wave of vacancy announcements in
seven different courts and prosecutor’s offices: The Court of BiH, the
Prosecutor’s Office of BiH, the Entity Supreme Courts and prosecutor’s offices
and the Constitutional Court of the RS. During the months of November
and December, 2002, the HJPC’s interviewed 171 candidates for these vacancies.
- On 2 December 2002 all remaining judicial and
prosecutorial posts for the middle and lower tier were advertised. By the
closing date of 13 January 2003, more than 1600 applications had been received
for the approximately 900 positions. The process of reselection will continue
throughout 2003.
- On 16 January 2003, the HJPC appointed eight members
to the Criminal Division of the State Court and a Chief Prosecutor and three
assistants to the Prosecutor’s Office of BiH.
- On 24 January, 2003, imposed the Criminal Procedure
Code of BiH was imposed, which entered into force on 1 March 2003. This
represents a giant leap in the process of reforming the criminal justice
system of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Together with the Criminal Code, which
entered into force on the same date, it renders the Court of Bosnia and
Herzegovina operative.
- On 27 January, 2003, the newly appointed judges of the
Court of BiH and prosecutors of the Prosecutor’s Office of BiH took their
oaths of office in a widely welcomed ceremony. On that same day, the Court of
BiH held a ceremony recognizing its occupancy of it newly renovated temporary
facilities
- We are in the process of recruiting international
judges and prosecutors to serve in the special criminal panels of the Court of
BiH and the special division of the Prosecutor’s Office of BiH.
Provisions for participation of these international members were included in
the amendments imposed on 24 January.
- The Criminal Division of the Court of BiH and
Prosecutors Office of BiH are off to a productive start. The
prosecutor’s office brought charges against eight defendants for
counterfeiting. Two of these defendants entered pleas of guilty while
the cases of the remaining defendants will be set for trial. Shortly
thereafter, the prosecutor’s office brought charges against other accused
persons for human trafficking. These are the first criminal charges
brought by the State Prosecutor who was appointed at the end of January,
2003. The Rule of Law Pillar of OHR has worked closely with him to
resolve issues related to the new codes enacted by the High Representative in
January, 2003, as well as to find additional resources to support the work of
his office.
- As promised in my last report, we have created a new
unit called the Anti Crime and Corruption Unit (ACCU, formerly now as the
Serious Crimes Unit) to provide my Office with a broad scope of support
capabilities for the local prosecution, investigation and analysis of systemic
organized crime and corruption. The ACCU in close cooperation with domestic
agencies and authorities has undertaken efforts to guide and support
investigations and prosecution in multiple cases. At present, the ACCU is
primarily focused on guiding two major criminal investigation Task Forces
initiated by my office. At times, due to political and technical limitations
for the local authorities, the ACCU has also provided specialized support
capacities such as forensic audit work or specialized experts as court
witnesses.
- ACCU is assisting in the assessment of cases to be
transferred to the Prosecutor’s Office of BiH as part of the implementation of
the new Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code of BiH.
- During early May, ACCU worked with EUPM, at the
request of the Minister of Interior of the Republika Srpska, to transfer a
major organized crime case to the Criminal Division of the Court of BiH and
Prosecutors Office of BiH. The prosecutor’s office brought charges
against these defendants who were ordered to pretrial confinement. One
of the international prosecutors of the Prosecutor’s Office handled the matter
at the direction of the chief state prosecutor. This is a very serious case –
perhaps the most significant human trafficking case in BiH’s history – and the
fact that it is being tackled within BiH’s court system is a significant
step forward.
- The Head and Deputy Head of the Rule of Law Pillar
visited Belgrade on 29 and 30 April to meet with officials from the Serbian
Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Interior and the Chief Prosecutor. The
purpose of the visit was to offer to facilitate the creation of operational
protocols between these ministries and offices and their counterparts in BiH
in order to more effectively interdict criminal activities which transcend the
borders of BiH and Serbia. In addition, during the visit, the OHR
officials exchanged information with the Serbian officials as to specific
suspected criminal activities of interest to both BiH and Serbia and arranged
for further exchanges of information in regard to these suspects.
Serbian officials were eager to establish the relationships suggested and to
continue the exchange of such information.
- On 23 April 2003, I held a crime summit, which
included attendance by the Ministries of Interior of both entities and the
Ministry of Security of the state, together with the State Border Service and
State Investigation and Protection Agency. The EUPM also participated in
these meeting. The purpose of the meeting was to address the impending
end of the state of emergency in Serbia and the possibility that many persons
apprehended in Serbia might flee to BiH upon release from Serbia. At the
meeting, I proposed to local officials a two- pronged approach to addressing
this possibility. The short-term proposal included an immediate exchange
of information with Serbian officials as to those persons to be released from
custody in Serbian and, in particular, those released persons with business,
family or other connections to BiH. The longer-term solution included
the development of operational protocols between appropriate agencies in BiH
and Serbia to address common issues related to criminals whose activities
transcend the border between the two countries. The local officials of
BiH readily adopted the proposals put forward and pledged that they would
undertake the suggested actions.
- The Rule of Law Pillar continued to have discussions
with OSCE and the Council of Europe in regard to the future of the Human
Rights Chamber. These three organizations, in consultation with local
officials, devised a plan which will process the large backlog of cases
pending in the chamber and also provide for future cases regarding alleged
human rights violations to be handled by other institutions of BiH. There have
been several meetings with the Constitutional Court and with the Human Rights
Chamber in order to discuss the proposed plan and to solicit the views of
these institutions in order to identify issues which will need to be resolved
during implementation of the plan. This plan was presented to the Peace
Implementation Council (PIC) during its meeting in the middle of June.
- The Criminal Institutions and Prosecutorial Reform
Unit (CIPRU) has worked with the state court and state prosecutor’s office to
rebalance their budgets. Of particular importance is the rebalancing of
the budget of the prosecutor’s office to enable the office to employ
additional prosecutors and legal staff to handle the increased
responsibilities of the office.
- The Constitutional Court of BiH held a session on 30 May 2003. This was
the first session of the court in more than a year. The first order of
business for the court was the election of its president and three
vice-presidents. One member of the court from Republika Srpska remains to be
appointed.
Attacks on networks supporting persons indicted for war crimes
3. On 7 March, 2003, certain amendments to the
banking agency laws in both entities so as to permit the entity banking agencies
were imposed to freeze bank accounts of persons and firms providing financial
support to persons impeding or obstructing implementation of the Dayton Peace
Agreement (DPA). On that same date, acting on behalf of the entity banking
agencies, these new provisions of the entity banking agency laws were used in
order to freeze bank accounts of two individuals who we have good reason to
believe have repeatedly provided financial support to persons indicted for war
crimes (PIFWCs).
4. On 7 July 2003 a further set of Decisions
were issued, freezing the bank accounts of several more individuals and removing
Mr. Dragomir Vasic from his positions as a member of the RSNA and Counselor for
Zvornik municipality. In all cases the individuals were reliably believed to be
violating Article 19 of the DPA by providing material support to PIFWC Radovan
Karadzic.
5. We have also benefited from close
cooperation with the EU and the US. The EU has, at our initiative, put in place
a visa ban list against a number of individuals suspected of obstructing the
ICTY in its mandate and providing material support to PIFWCS. The US has also
frozen the assets of a number of persons on similar grounds.
IV – Jobs
6. In an effort to clear the decks for a new
beginning after the 5 October 2002 elections, and to finish the work of the last
government in the area of economics, thirteen Decisions were issued on 21
October 2002. These Decisions were designed to help promote growth in BiH by
means of a series of reforms in the banking, statistics, land registry,
communications and other areas.
7. An important initiative was launched on 12
November 2002 to dismantle barriers to business growth and job creation. The
Bulldozer Initiative was designed to help businesses knock down as many
roadblocks and cut as much red tape as possible to free up the economy for
growth. Initially, the committee was coordinated by the OHR and composed of
USAID, the World Bank, the European Commission, IMF and OHR. Domestic
members include the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska
Employer’s Confederation, Business Women Confederation, Foreign Investors
Association and many regional or local business associations. Local business
leaders are – and remain – very much in the driving seat. It is they who come up
with examples of the most egregious barriers to business, and they who take the
lead in campaigning for their removal.
8. In December 2002, the Bulldozer Committee
presented the BiH governments with a list of 50 economic roadblocks along with
their respective legal solutions. Those proposed changes were presented to the
relevant authorities (State Council of Ministers, FBiH Government and RS
Government) during the first quarter of 2003. Businesses or business
associations that submitted the requests had an opportunity to testify before
the parliamentary assemblies’ committees and advocate for reform, which will
reinforce their role as major contributors to economic policy through the
lobbying process. Local Implementation Committees coordinated by local business
associations were set up in order to insure proper reform implementation and
follow-up. All 50 pieces of legislation were adopted, none imposed, by 4 June
2003, and the domestic authorities have assumed complete responsibility for the
next phase of the project, which will involve six regional committees.
9. Apart from its impact on the economic reform
agenda, the Bulldozer Committee and their successes represent the first major
example of the growth, in the business sector as least, of a genuine Civil
Society in BiH.
10. Concrete progress has also been made in a number of other areas as
well during the reporting period. These include:
Tax and Fiscal Structure
11. One of the tests I set out in my speech to the BiH Parliament on
October 6 2002 was: “Reform the revenue system by beginning the process of
establishing VAT at State level and reforming customs”. On February 2003, the
Indirect Tax Policy Commission was established and tasked to undertake a number
of activities to promote a single customs service for BiH and a single / State
level VAT. Several presentations were made to senior politicians,
technical consultations were undertaken and public presentations and debates
took place concerning VAT and Customs issues.
12. On the tax front, a very good progress has been made. The
Commission, led by the former European Commission official Joly Dixon, an expert
in EU indirect tax policy, agreed on the text of an interim law that established
the Indirect Tax Authority (ITA) on July 1 - within the deadline
set in my Decision. It subsequently agreed a fully-fledged framework law
providing for the unification of the customs administrations in BiH, the working
methods and authority of the ITA and its Governing Board. The Law will authorize
the ITA and Governing Board to begin work on the establishment of VAT at the
State-level.
13. This legislation meets EU standards and would equip BiH with a
modern state-level system of indirect tax collection, and a single, efficient
customs service, is now awaiting endorsement by the Council of Ministers and
parliamentary approval. Its successful enactment into law, and the start of
implementation, will be a big step, both in demonstrating that BiH is capable of
taking difficult decisions in this sensitive area, in tackling fraud and
corruption, and in moving towards EU compatibility. Significantly this Law
breaks new ground in two other areas. This will be the first time that
Article 3.5A of Dayton will be used to pass competencies from the Entities to
the State and the first time administrative areas will be established which
conform to the natural economic regions of BiH, and not the Inter-Entity
Boundary Line.
Agriculture and Forestry
14. A state-level Veterinary Law was passed but full implementation was
delayed by the slow appointment of the new director for the State Veterinary
Office. The new director was named in May 2003, and his initial tasks are to get
the animal identification project underway, to adapt local regulations to EU
standards, and to secure sustainable financing over the next 5 years.
15. A Federation Forestry Law has been passed but some amendments have
yet to be addressed in Parliament, thus slowing the broad implementation effort
including the closure of the existing 22 summaries (forest enterprises) and the
establishment of one Cantonal Forest Enterprise per canton to regularize and
increase the flow of revenues at the local level.
Telecommunications
16. Progress has been made in the telecommunications sector by enacting
the Law on Communications as part of the economic package. This will enable the
regulator to implement rapidly a regulatory regime conducive to
competition. Audits have been carried out in this sector and will be made
public in the near future.
Electric power
17. Progress has been made on the implementation of the institutional
arrangements. The BiH Council of Ministers proposed the appointment of members
of the State Regulatory Commission (SERC) to the Parliament of BIH and the next
step in the appointment process is the approval from the Parliament of BiH.
Appointment of the SERC members will mark an important milestone in the reform
process. Also, intensive efforts are aimed at ongoing implementation
of the State Electricity Law, specifically the establishment of the State
Transmission Company, State Regulator and Independent System Operator.
18. In November 2002, Bosnia and Herzegovina signed a Memorandum of
Understanding on the Regional Electricity market in Southeast Europe and its
Integration into the EU International Electricity Market. The Memorandum was
signed under the auspices of the Stability Pact with a goal to establish an
integrated regional electricity market in SEE by 2005 and ensure its integration
into the EU Internal Electricity Market. The SEE Regional Market
will be based on the principles set out in the Electricity Directive and other
legislation related to the operation of the EU Market.
Transportation
19. The state Licensing Commission has commenced licensing of
international and inter-entity bus services under the recently passed Law on
International and Inter-entity Road Transportation. Once this process
is completed, we anticipate that the Licensing Commission will turn its efforts
towards distribution of truck licences in the field of international and
inter-entity truck transport. With the creation of the Foreign Trade
Chamber of Commerce and the recent introduction of the Law on
Associations, the establishment of the BiH Trucking Association now creates
the conditions for going forward with the implementation of the TIR Carnet
system which will allow BiH truckers movement throughout the EU without
restrictions at borders.
20. In the field of rail transport, the Working Group on Rail Transport
concluded its meetings and a draft of a new state Law on Railways of Bosnia and
Herzegovina has been prepared for presentation to the Council of Ministers. The
Law on Railways for Bosnia and Herzegovina provides for state level regulation
of all railway operations including safety in the country in line with
constitutional powers over international and inter-entity transport with the
overall objective of freedom of movement throughout BiH as well as with EU
standards.
21. The Samac Bridge was finally opened to passenger traffic for both
road and rail transport, while the issue of opening it to freight traffic and
the location of the customs facility is continuing to be addressed.
22. The signing of the Framework Agreement on the Sava Basin took place
at a ceremony in Kranjska Gora, Slovenia on 3 December. This agreement,
along with the Protocol on Navigation, represents a step closer to establishing
normal navigation on the Sava and through the Port of Brcko, as well as closer
cooperation between neighboring countries with respect to other aspects of the
Sava basin.
23. Finally, under the new structure for the Council of Ministers, a
new post for a Minister of Communications and Transport has been established
which will now provide a stronger basis for the development of a transportation
policy and plans and for regulating transport at the state level.
Public Administration Reform
24. On 23 January, the Head of the Civil Service Agency who was
appointed by my predecessor reported to the Chair of the Council of Ministers
that the Agency is now fully operational. This Agency is key to preventing
any party patronage at state level as it is responsible for the recruitment of
civil servants. Whereas, the RS is setting-up a similar Agency with IC financial
and technical support, my Office facilitated the drafting of a similar civil
service legislation for the Federation of BiH, a commitment made by the BiH
authorities under the rule of law targets. This law was adopted in May 2003 and
we are now working with UNDP, which has agreed to act as the lead agency, to
ensure that the Civil Service Agency is properly funded and staffed so the Law
can be properly implemented. I have concerns, however, at the remaining
level of dysfunction in Government Departments and Ministers’ Offices.
Attention will be required to this area and to the effectiveness of the wider
civil service to improve the functionality of Governments and Public
Administration in general in the near future.
25. Meanwhile, serious problems are still encountered in politically
motivated replacements of members of governing boards of various public
bodies as well as the appointment to civil service positions.
V – The Political Environment
26. The initial period following the 5 October elections was dominated
by government formation, but the State-level Council of Ministers (CoM) led by
Prime Minister Terzic has now been in office for some eight months. Prime
Minister Terzic’s administration is hampered by the constitutional dysfunction
of the Council of Ministers (he does not appoint and cannot remove Ministers –
they owe their existence and loyalty to Parties, not the Government) and lack of
capacity and support within the institution of the CoM as a whole. As the
result, output of the Council of Ministers has been low, with limited
legislative activity. The restructuring of the new Ministries and bodies has
also proceeded slowly.
27. The Entity governments face similar problems. In the Federation,
the process of Government formation in Canton 7 was finalized at the end of
June, more than eight months after the elections. The Herzegovina-Neretva Canton
was the last self-government unit in the entire Bosnia and Herzegovina to put
its elected government in place. This required considerable prodding from my
Office, culminating with the threat of serious fines for the parties involved in
the obstruction.
28.The continuing division of Mostar remained a serious problem during the
reporting period. Eight years after the war, the City of Mostar is a collection
of municipalities without coordination and without the capacity to generate the
development of the City. A Commission comprised solely of local representatives
was established in the spring to explore options for a permanent statute of the
city, and to provide Mostar citizens with an opportunity to contribute to the
debate about the future of their City, without interference of the international
community. By the beginning of August, however, this Commission had achieved
only limited results. A second attempt, with a new Mostar Reform Commission
under international community auspices, will begin in September.
29. In Republika Srpska, despite some initial posturing and rhetoric,
major issues such as the Independent Tax Commission, the Defence Reform
Commission and now the Intelligence Commission are proceeding relatively
smoothly.
30. The resignation of Mirko Sarovic as a member of the Presidency on 4
April 2003, in the wake of the ORAO arms-to-Iraq scandal, was a step towards
establishing political accountability in BiH.
Security and Defence
31. On 2 April 2003, in response to the ORAO issue, my Office issued
several defence-related Decisions to help address the systemic weaknesses
exposed by the Orao arms to Iraq scandal. These included amendments to the
Entity Defence laws and constitutions in order to ensure that a similar
situation would not arise again. On 9 May 2003 I established the Defence Reform
Commission, chaired by former US Assistant Secretary for Defense James Locher,
which is tasked with proposing reforms, principally to the command and control
of the Armed Forces in BiH, and which – if agreed – will help the country
achieve its declared goal of becoming a credible candidate for membership in
NATO’s Partnership for Peace by January 2004. This Commission has made
substantial progress by the end of August 2003, and is due to complete its work
by mid-September.
32. There have been other significant developments in the defence area.
Terms of Reference for the Secretary General of the Standing Committee on
Military Matters (SCMM) have been agreed and he has been invited to attend the
BiH Council of Ministers, although not yet as a full member with voting
rights.
33. On a more practical level the SCMM’s Secretariat is due to expand
(from 9 to around 88 personnel) over the next few months. This will allow
the Secretariat to begin operating as a fledgling ‘ministry’ coordinating
activity with other Ministries and acting on behalf of the State of BiH in
matters relating to defence.
34. A decisive step forward has been made in reform of the intelligence
services in BiH. The Expert Commission on Intelligence Reform (ECIR) headed by
the former senior Hungarian intelligence official, and former Hungarian
Ambassador to BiH, Kalman Kocsis, was launched end of May 2003. The Commission
is tasked with producing a proposal for setting up a single intelligence
structure. It was due produce the necessary legislative changes and other
legal instruments, in line with democratic principles and practice elsewhere in
Europe by mid September.
Srebrenica
35. I continue to chair the Executive Board of the Foundation of
Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery with my Office providing support and
coordinating this important effort.
36. Following the groundbreaking ceremony that took place on 11 October
2002 at the Potocari site, the works on the Phase I of construction began. In
this phase, which was completed at the end of January, the site was prepared for
the burials of up to 1,000 individuals. Phase II is now following it, which
involves the provision of gravesites for approximately 9,000 additional
individuals, construction of the Musala, Mutual Crypt with garden, service
facilities, and parking.
37. The burials of first 600 identified individuals took place on 31
March 2003. A further 400 identified individuals were also buried on 11 July
2003.
38. At the request of surviving family members and following
consultations with the Republika Srpska authorities, on 25 March 2003 I issued a
Decision transferring the ownership of the Battery Factory “A.S.” a.d.
Srebrenica to the Foundation of the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial and Cemetery.
The Decision also established a Commission, which is to determine the
compensation to be paid by the Republika Srpska to the current owners and users
of the Battery Factory before September of this year. The Battery Factory site
has a special place in the memory of Srebrenica families, as it was the last
place many of them saw their beloved relatives alive. This Decision had the full
support of the Srebrenica-Potocari Memorial Foundation’s Executive Board. The
Foundation, in consultation with families of victims, will determine the future
use of the Battery Factory site.
39. The Executive Board of Foundation has made intensive efforts over
the period in question to raise funds, without which the Foundation would have
been unable to implement the project. As a result of these fundraising
activities the Foundation has received contributions of around 3.5 million Euro
that allowed work to begin at the site. The Human Rights Chamber issued a
decision on 7 March 2003 ordering the Republika Srpska Government to pay 2
million KM by 7 September this year to the Foundation and another 500,000 KM
each year for the following 4 years. Since families opposed such a decision, the
Executive Board agreed to proceed with fundraising activities and to consult
families on how to use these funds once when the Republika Srpska pays.
Therefore approximately an additional 1.5 million Euro are still needed to
complete the project and the Executive Board continues to request the assistance
of potential donors.
40. On 20 September 2003, former US President Clinton will be the guest
of honour at the official opening of the Cemetery, at the invitation of the
Foundation.
BiH in the Region
41. A significant step was reached between BiH and Croatia when Croatia
managed, in January 2003, to ratify the provisionally applied Agreement on
determination of border crossings of 6 April 2001. This is the first
bilateral agreement to enter into force in this field. The newly constituted BiH
Presidency and President Mesic have agreed to do their utmost to complete
pending procedures and negotiations regarding border issues and dual
citizenship, and in early February, they initiated the draft Agreement on the
local border zone regime and the three annexes to the Co-location Treaty of 17
June 2002. These documents are now waiting to be signed by both Foreign
Ministers.
42. Two developments in the relationship between BiH and the then-FRY
deserve a special mention. First, an Agreement on dual citizenship was signed on
29 October 2002 in Belgrade by the BiH Minister for Civil Affairs and
Communications and the Yugoslav Minister of the Interior. This Agreement has
been ratified in 2003 by both countries and has now entered into force in both
countries. Second, both heads of delegations to the commissions dealing with
border issues initialed in December the draft Agreements on the local border
zone regime and on a simplified regime to be applied in a zone in the Eastern
part of BiH enmeshed with the territory of Serbia and Montenegro.
43. The 12 March 2003 murder of Serbian Prime Minister Zoran Djindjic
was a terrible blow to the region. The best tribute to Zoran Djindjic’s
memory will be to continue the work in which he was engaged to secure progress
and stability in the region, and its integration into mainstream Europe, and in
so doing to demonstrate that attacks such as this cannot defeat democracy.
Increased cooperation between BiH and its neighbours in the fight against
criminal networks – as described above – will be an important part of this.
International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY)
44. The plan for domestic trial of war crimes in a special panel of the
Court of BiH has been the subject of several meetings during 2003.
Meetings were held with the Ministries of Justice, as well as the prosecutors of
both entities and the state. In addition, OSCE and Council of Europe were
invited to offer comments to the proposals. The recommendations resulting
from the discussions with these groups and ICTY were presented to the PIC and
approved by the PIC on 12 June. The PIC Steering Board Political Directors
decision called for the establishment of a War Crimes Chamber within the
Court of BiH, and a War Crimes Department within the State Prosecutor’s Office.
I have been tasked to establish and co-chair with the relevant BiH authorities
an Inter-Agency Implementation Task Force (ITF), involving other relevant
international organizations, to coordinate the implementation of the project
VI - Returns
45. The number of refugees returning continues to be strong, exceeding
102,000 in 2002. According to UNHCR statistics, the total of registered
returns to and within BiH has risen to nearly 1 million people, including some
390,000 so-called minority returns. The State Ministry for Human Rights
and Refugees, together with relevant Entity Ministries - assumed a greater
leadership role the return process during 2002 and moved closer towards
ownership of the remaining process. Despite this, many challenges towards
achieving “sustainable return” remain.
46. On 30 January 2003, the Peace Implementation Council endorsed an
Annex VII (GFAP) Strategy, drawn up by the BiH authorities, UNHCR and my Office
in order to ensure that the progress continues. Beyond recognizing the
need to facilitate as many as 500,000 additional returns in BiH under domestic
leadership over the next four years, the Strategy provides a roadmap to build
additional capacity within domestic institutions to take on these tasks as
International Organizations scale down their operations, recalibrate resources
to address other priorities, and in some cases, phase out completely. The
Strategy calls for the Reconstruction and Return Task Force (RRTF) to draw down
by the end of 2003.
47. Property Law Implementation (PLIP) made decisive progress during
the reporting period. The countrywide repossession rate of 67% promises
nearly full implementation by the end of this year. The large urban centers such
Sarajevo and Banja Luka however, remain a source of concern, as they lag well
behind the Entity averages of 71% and 61% in the Federation and RS
respectively. As approximately 40 000 claims remain unimplemented in both
Entities, the focus now is to ensure adequate budgeting for alternative
accommodation at all appropriate levels of government. In addition, the
domestic authorities, with the assistance of the IC, will introduce a package of
minor amendments to the property laws aimed at ensuring adherence to the
principles of transparency and rule of law embodied in the New Strategic
Direction for Property Law Implementation. As partners, the IC and
domestic institutions will also work to ensure a smooth transfer of CRPC
responsibilities to the local institutions.
48. Increasing leadership in the property repossession process by the
BiH Ministry for Human Rights and Refugees, together with the responsible Entity
Ministries is welcome. But that success raises increasing concerns about
the lack of harmony in the property laws in the region. There remains some
21 000 Croatian Serbs who occupy the homes of others and who still seek to
either repossess their homes in the Republic of Croatia and/or return.
Increasingly, these families face eviction under BiH’s laws without their own
long term housing solutions because the recent amendments to the property laws
in Croatia have not gone far enough and have yielded little real results.
Similarly, pre-war residents of other neighboring countries in the Region
(Slovenia) have approached my Office similarly concern about their own eviction
and similarly unable to repossess property and return to their own prewar homes
in the region. Solutions within Croatia and other former Yugoslav states
must be identified for these individuals and this requires compatible property
law throughout former Yugoslavia.
49. However, returns to BiH from other parts of the region progress
with increasing numbers of returns from both Croatia and increasingly from
Serbia and Montenegro.
50. As returnees attempt to reintegrate into society, combined domestic
and international efforts must ensure that their individual choice is
sustainable. The legal framework necessary to ensure returnees' unbiased
access to socio-economic facilities and opportunities is largely in place, but
information on and enforcement of the applicable laws and agreements remains
limited. To increase returnees' awareness of their rights, my Office has
developed a number of public information campaigns that provide information on
access to employment opportunities, education, health, and utilities.
51. Many DPs still do not return to their pre-war residences because
they feel they would be unable to rebuild their lives there. While many of the
concerns are well grounded, some are based on incomplete information. To
encourage DPs to consider return, my Office developed media programmes that
increase the visibility of successful returnees and provide factual information
on return conditions. In addition, my Office, SERDA and the country’s
Employment Bureaus are jointly developing a system to make information on
vacancies around the country more widely accessible.
52. Further, there are many employment creation initiatives around the
country, often targeting returnees in particular, but no study ever compared the
effectiveness and efficiency of the different approaches followed. To aid donor
agencies in their programme designs for 2003, my Office conducted a survey among
implementing organisations and provided donor agencies with their feedback on
the advantages and drawbacks of the various types of programmes. These
efforts are aimed at rebuilding BiH’s multiethnic society with opportunities for
all citizens, including refugees, DPs, returnees and the domiciled communities.
53. Although we are on track for the draw down of RRTF, and the
handover of responsibility to local authorities at the end of 2003, there are
still major tasks ahead. Draft legislative amendments have been agreed on some
items, but must still be presented to the BiH parliaments. Discussion still
continues among IC and with BiH ministries on two important institutional
aspects: the Return Fund and the prospective BIH institution which should review
CRPC claims.
54. The fact that at a time when refugees and DPs are returning in
large numbers, international financial assistance is rapidly decreasing, remains
also a concern. Furthermore, BiH domestic funds remain insufficient to cover
needs.
VII. European Union Police Mission (EUPM)
55. On 1 January 2003, the European Union Police Mission (EUPM) began
operations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). It followed on from the UN
International Police Task Force (IPTF) operation and is intended to build on and
secure the IPTF’s successes in police reform. I would like to pay tribute
to the United Nations for their achievements in Bosnia and Herzegovina with the
International Police Task Force (IPTF) and to thank them for the smooth
transition to the EUPM operation.
56. The EUPM is the European Union’s first crisis management operation
under the European Security and Defence Policy. The Mission consists of 500
police officers and 50 civilian experts from 33 states, led by Police
Commissioner Sven Frederiksen, under my overall supervision in my capacity as
Special Representative of the European Union. Commissioner Frederiksen knows
that he can count on my total support, both as part of the EUPM chain of command
and as High Representative.
57. On 24 January, 2003, I issued Decisions which will enable the EUPM
to recommend to me the removal, as a last resort, of police officers who
obstruct the implementation of the GFAP. The same set of Decisions enabled
OHR to monitor trials and investigations in certain circumstances, another role
previously performed by IPTF. I will not hesitate to take action, if the
Commissioner requests it of me, against any police officers that obstruct the
work of the EUPM and the implementation of the GFAP.
58. EUPM's programmes are intended to cover all areas of law
enforcement. At the outset of the mission, however, priority has been given to
two particular issues: safety of returnees and the fight against organised
crime. Trafficking in human beings is part of this latter priority and will be
addressed as part of this effort.
59. The EUPM is not, however, a substitute for BiH police engagement.
Seven years after the war, it is time for BiH authorities to take on their law
enforcement responsibilities. Local ownership is the key to an effective and
sustainable Rule of Law. It is also the key to the country’s progress toward
European integration. The EUPM’s role designed accordingly to monitor, mentor,
advise and assist BiH in this process, but not to do its work for it.
Media Development
60. On 31 December 2002, I closed OHR’s Media Development Department.
The PIC Directives called for “the establishment of free and pluralistic media
throughout BiH.” More concretely, they called for establishment of a politically
independent, transparently funded public service broadcasting sector in
conformity with European standards. This should be balanced by a strong and
viable commercial sector. Both sectors should be regulated by a strong,
independent regulatory body, which would determine standards for content and
allocate media frequencies. In order further to enhance freedom of expression,
the PIC called for the adoption of legislation covering Freedom of Information
and the decriminalisation of Defamation, consistent with accepted international
democratic standards, etc.
61. OHR Media Development played the leading role in promoting these
policies. The following achievements have been made in implementations of these
Directives:
- The Communication Regulatory Agency (CRA), established
in 1998, became an indigenous, independent and self-sustaining broadcasting
and telecommunications regulator in accordance with best international
practice. The CRA has successfully completed the process of issuing long-term
licences for all those broadcasters that qualified.
- The BiH Parliament in August 2002 adopted the package
of laws on public broadcasting system in BiH. Previously, two High
Representative Decisions were regulating this area and provided for the
establishment of the Federation Television in October 2001, the launch of the
state-wide BH Radio 1 in May 2001 and the launch of the first element of the
BiH Television, BiH TV Main News in May 2002.
- In the commercial broadcasting sector, the Open
Broadcast Network survived the rapid withdrawal of international financial aid
in 2000 and has successfully attracted international investment. Also, the US
funded Mreza Plus commercial TV network is making headway towards economic
sustainability. Sustainability of both the commercial and public broadcasting
sectors has been significantly enhanced by the CRA Broadcast licencing
process, which reduced the over-saturated market of almost 300 broadcasters by
nearly 30%.
- With the Defamation Law enacted in the Federation BiH
in November 2002, Freedom of Information laws consistent with accepted
international democratic standards are now in place on entity and state
levels.
- With regard to the Press, self-regulation was opted to serve as a major
defense to democratic freedoms. The establishment and subsequent operations of
the Press Council for Bosnia and Herzegovina has been a major step forward in
protecting press freedoms and promoting journalists ethics. It is now up to
the Press Council to prove that it is capable to enforce adherence to the
principles laid down in the BiH Press Code.
62. The OHR will continue monitoring developments in the BiH media, and
assisting where necessary, in accordance with its mandate under the DPA. The
mandate of my Broadcasting Agent expired on 30 June 2003, and we are now working
to ensure that the BiH authorities establish a sustainable mechanism for
financing the CRA that will ensure its continued independence and the
maintenance of European standards.
Mission Implementation Plan
63. In December 2002, the PIC Steering Board endorsed OHR’s Mission
Implementation Plan (MIP). (The full text of the MIP can be found on our
website at
http://www.ohr.int/ohr-info/ohr-mip/default.asp?content_id=29145)
The MIP outlines six Core Tasks for OHR:
- Entrenching the rule of law
- Ensuring that extreme nationalists, war criminals, and
their organized criminal networks cannot reverse peace implementation
- Reforming the Economy
- Strengthening the capacity of BiH’s governing
institutions, especially at the State-level
- Establishing State-level civilian command and control over armed forces,
reform the security sector, and pave the way for integration into the
Euro-Atlantic framework
Promoting the sustainable return of refugees and displaced
persons
64. Each task is divided into several sub-programmes, and
OHR Departments are responsible for defining and implementing the steps toward
each goal. During the reporting period, we presented the PIC Steering Board with
two informal updates, in April and June. A formal report on and assessment of
the first year of the MIP will take place at in early 2004.
Reporting Schedule
65. In order to better satisfy the requirements of Security Council
Resolution 1031 of 15 December 1995, which requested the Secretary General to
submit to the Council reports from the High Representative in accordance with
Annex 10 of the Peace Agreement and the Conclusions of the London Peace
Implementation Conference of 8-9 December 1995, I propose to submit my reports
to you for onward transmission to the Security Council on a more regular
schedule. The next report will cover the period from now until 31 December
and you will receive it in January 2004. From then on, reports will cover
a six-month period and you will receive them in January and July. Should you or
any Council member require information at any other time, I would be pleased to
provide an update in the form of a letter.
Sarajevo, August 2003
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